E-Mu PROTEUS FX Manual do Utilizador Página 107
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7 - Synthesizer Basics
Low Frequency Oscillators (LFOs)
E-MU Systems 107
Low Frequency Oscillators (LFOs)
A Low Frequency Oscillator or LFO is simply a wave which repeats at a slow rate. The
Proteus has two multi-wave LFOs for each channel. The LFO waveforms are shown in
the following illustration.
Try combining the
Pattern LFOs, or
controlling the amount of
one with another, or
combining them with the
clock divisors.
By examining the diagram of the LFO waveforms, you can see how the LFO will affect a
modulation destination. Suppose we are modulating the pitch of an instrument. The
sine wave looks smooth, and will smoothly change the pitch. The square wave changes
abruptly, and will abruptly change the pitch from one pitch to another. The sawtooth
wave smoothly decreases, then abruptly changes back up. The sound’s pitch will follow
the same course. Controlling the pitch of an instrument is an easy way to hear the
effects of the LFO waves.
Like the Auxiliary Envelope, the LFOs can be routed to control any real-time functions
such as Pitch, Filter, Panning, or Volume. A common use for the LFO is to control the
pitch of the sound (LFO -> Pitch). This effect is called vibrato and is an important
performance parameter. Many presets use this routing with the modulation wheel
controlling “how much” LFO modulation is applied. Another common effect,
Tremolo, is created by controlling the volume of a sound with the LFO (LFO ->
Volume).
Another use for the LFOs might be to add a slight bit of animation to the sound by
routing the LFO to control the filter. In this example, the LFO amount would be set
low, for a subtle effect.
Triangle
Square
Sine 1,2 Sine 1,3,5
Sine
Sawtooth
33% Pulse
12% Pulse
25% Pulse
16% Pulse
Random
Pat: Fifth+Octave
C
C
G
Pat: Octaves
+ Octave
- Octave
C
F
G
Pat: Sus4 trip
C
G
A#
Pat: Neener
Hemi-quaver
Sine + Noise
Inverted Sawtooth
Negative Amount
+-
Sawtooth
- E-MU Systems 1 1
- Operation Manual 2
- Table of Contents 3
- 4 Proteus VX Operation Manual 4
- E-MU Systems 5 5
- 6 Proteus VX Operation Manual 6
- E-MU Systems 7 7
- 8 Proteus VX Operation Manual 8
- Introduction 9
- System Requirements 10
- Software Installation 10
- Setting up Cubase LE 11
- and Proteus XVSTi 11
- MIDI Channel 15
- On Your Own 16
- Proteus VX 16
- Main Window 16
- Troubleshooting Checklist 17
- Setting up the Preferences 18
- Audio Preferences 19
- Headroom/Boost 20
- VST Output Buses 20
- MIDI Inputs 21
- MIDI Response 21
- Controllers 22
- Other Settings 23
- E-MU Systems 25 25
- 2 - Guided Tours 27
- Multisetup Page 28
- Single View Close-up 29
- Channel 1-16 View 30
- Adjusting the Controllers 31
- Create Your Own Custom Bank 32
- Save and Save As 33
- Proteus VX Bank Structure 33
- The Librarian 34
- Find your Files 35
- Load your Files 35
- The Multisetup 37
- Saving your Multisetup 39
- The Output View 41
- Global Controls 42
- Proteus VX Aux Bus Routing 43
- Filter Descriptions 44
- E-MU Systems 45 45
- Preroll RAM Used 46
- CPU Meter 47
- Number of Samples Playing 47
- Current Channel 47
- Working with Multisetups 48
- E-MU Systems 49 49
- 4 - Preset Editor 51
- Preset Globals 52
- Capture MIDI Controllers 53
- TwistaLoop Lock To Tempo 53
- Initial Tempo 53
- Tuning Tables 54
- E-MU Systems 55 55
- Preset Modulators 56
- Templates 56
- Channel Lag 1 & 2 Rate 57
- Poly Key Timer 57
- Channel Ramp 58
- 5 - Effects 59
- Programming Effects 60
- Adding an Effect to a Preset 61
- FX Routing 63
- Effects Overhead 64
- Typical Effects Usage 64
- VSTi Bus Outputs 64
- Main Output Window 65
- Aux FX Screen 67
- Preset FX Screen 68
- E-MU Systems 69 69
- E-MU Systems 71 71
- Effects Listing 72
- Effects Descriptions 72
- Early Reflections Reverb 73
- Reverb Lite (mono) 74
- Background: Chorus 75
- Modulation Parameters 75
- Chorus / Delay 76
- Compressor 77
- Delay Mode: 79
- Discrete stereo 79
- Feedback 80
- Delay (BPM) 82
- (stereo) 88
- Pitch Shifter (mono) 89
- Ring Modulator 90
- Modulator 91
- TremFilter 92
- Tremulator Waveforms 93
- Drag & Drop 98
- Changing Settings 98
- Main Display View 100
- Tree View 100
- Refresh (F5) 101
- Context Sensitive Menus 101
- Undo/Redo 101
- View Menu 102
- 6 - Controls 102
- 7 - Synthesizer Basics 103
- Modulation 104
- Modulation Cords 105
- Envelope Generators 106
- Inverted Sawtooth 107
- Sawtooth 107
- Random Sources 108
- Clock Modulation 108
- Function Generators 109
- Modulation Destinations 110
- Modulation Processors 111
- Dynamic Filters 112
- Frequency 113
- Amplitude 113
- Parametric 115
- The Z-Plane Filter 116
- E-MU Systems 117 117
- Preferences 118
- Voice Edit 118
- MIDI Program Change Commands 119
- MIDI Modes 119
- 8 - Appendix 121
- Toolbar Functions 122
- MIDI Implementation Chart 123
- See note 126
- Received Channel Commands 127
- Special Notes: 127
- Controller Functions 128
- Numerics 129
- E-MU Systems 131 131
- E-MU Systems 133 133
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